This experiment was conducted to determine the reproductive hormones as well as responses of Leydig and Sertoli cells to dietary crude protein (CP) in rabbit bucks exposed to transient neonatal goitrogen. Sixty three (63) male rabbit neonates were transiently treated with goitrogen through suckling of their mothers’ milk. The fryers were weaned after 5 weeks and 21 of them were randomly allocated to each of three dietary treatments (T1-16% CP (Control); T2-14% CP (Low) and T3-18% CP (High) in a Completely Randomized Design. The feeding trial ran from the 5th to 13th week of age. At weeks 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 blood samples were collected for Testosterone and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) assay and three animals per treatment were slaughtered and their testes were harvested for Leydig and Sertoli cells population counts. Effect of age which also indicates the duration of feeding on the reproductive hormones, Leydig and Sertoli cells was also determined. Data for hormonal assay and the stereological estimates were analyzed using factorial analysis of variance. Low crude protein diet decreased (p<0.05) testosterone level (from 6.53 to 6.15 mlU/ml), while high dietary crude protein level increased (p<0.05) FSH production (from 5.66 to 6.04 mlU/ml). Both testosterone (5.98-6.08) and FSH (2.66-10.98 mlU/ml) levels increased significantly (p<0.05) with advancing age in all dietary treatments. The Leydig and Sertoli cell counts were significantly (p<0.05) increased with increasing dietary crude protein and advancing age. It was concluded from this study that high CP (18%) increased reproductive hormones, Leydig and Sertoli cell counts with advancing age in growing male rabbits exposed to transient neonatal goitrogen and fed with 18% CP diet, indicating a potential for enhanced sperm production.