The history of Biology has been traced to a period in which it was studied from anatomical dissections and studies, while the concept began from traditions of medicine and natural history in the 19th century. Biology is no longer just a descriptive science, as developments over the past scores of decades has shown Biology to have stepped into sub-cellular and molecular studies on organisms, with lots of applications to tackle and solve problems confronting mankind and survival. The early periods of study of Biology included taking records of plants and habits of animals to enhance knowledge required for maintenance of human existence. This is appropriately related to the earliest definition proffered for Biology by great Greek philosophers in the early 19th century as ‘the study of life’ and this basically was in form of wholesome organismal and population ecology related studies of life. Modern Biology is now a vast and electric field composed of many disciplines which have overlaps with the field of Biology. The discovery of the electron in 1897 turned around the history of the pure sciences of which includes Biology. Like the Physics and Chemistry, Biology now rely a lot on use of matter with small sizes within life organization frames (such as molecules, micro-organelles) to study and tackle life related issues.. The subsequent entry of electron microscope into the forays of scientific discoveries in the life sciences further helped move Biology into the sub-cellular and molecular age; with Cell Biology and Molecular Biology being active players in modern era Biology. Some of the most recent earliest breakthroughs by vaccine scientists to demystify SARS-COV-2 virus with its attendant COVID-19 disease drew knowledge, insights and probes from molecular biology (a couple of them had been through mRNA technology) to produce and roll out first set of significantly effective COVID-19 vaccines. The branches of Biology have increased over these decades with now over 15 branches in modern day Biology. As such, the scope of Biology has stepped up as a result of its phenomenal development over the past scores of decades, and helping to tackle some evolving life threatening challenges and problems.