5. The active role of consciousness
The active function of consciousness is the
subjective activity, which is mainly manifested in the suspicious active
cognition of the objective world and the active transformation of the world
through practice. Concretely, the action of consciousness is manifested in the
following aspects: human activities are purposeful and planned; Consciousness
has initiative and creativity; Consciousness can control people's physical
activities, and so on. Consciousness can guide people's practice of
transforming the world, which is the most prominent manifestation of the active
function of consciousness.
6. Universal connections
Universal connection is the basic point of
materialist dialectics. Connection refers to the interdependence, restriction
and interaction between things and among the various elements within a thing.
Universal association has two meanings:
(1) All things, phenomena and processes in the
world are not isolated, but exist and develop in connection with other things,
phenomena and processes around them; (2) The whole world is a connected whole, and any concrete thing, phenomenon or process is a
part or aspect of this whole.
7. Law
Law is the inherent, essential and inevitable connection
in the development of motion
of things. The law has objectivity, stability and repeatability. People
cannot abolish the law of creation, can only find, grasp, use
the law. The law is different from the phenomenon, the phenomenon is
changeable, but the law has stability, can be grasped by people's thinking. The
repetition of the law is that, once certain conditions are met, the phenomenon
that conforms to the law will be repeated.
8. Determinism and Indeterminism
On the relation and development of things,
determinism and non-determinism are opposed. Determinism admits that the
development of things is dominated by causality, regularity and inevitability. Indeterminism
denies the causal connection, regularity, inevitability and its role in the development
of things. Within the determinism, there are mechanical determinism and
dialectical determinism. Ma's philosophy adheres to dialectical determinism and
opposes non-determinism and mechanical determinism.
