Primary and Secondary Contradiction
In complex things, there are often a variety of
contradictions, but their status is different, divided into primary contradiction
and secondary contradiction. The principal contradiction refers to the
contradiction that is in the dominant position in the contradiction system and
plays a decisive role in the development process of things. The secondary
contradiction is in a subordinate position and has no decisive effect on the
development process of things. The distinction between primary contradiction
and secondary contradiction is relative and changeable. Under certain
conditions, both sides will transform and translocation each other.
Qualitative change and quantitative change
The development of things is the unity of
gradualism and leaping, the unity of quantitative change and qualitative
change. There are two states in the movement of anything: quantitative change
and qualitative change. Quantitative change refers to the increase and decrease
of quantity, the change of place, and the change of the arrangement and
combination of components in space. It is shown as an insignificant and gradual
process. The qualitative change is the mutation or leap from one germplasm state to another, and it is the interruption of
the gradual process. Quantitative change and qualitative change are
dialectically unified. Quantitative change is the necessary preparation for
qualitative change, and quantitative change provides the premise and foundation
for qualitative change. Qualitative change is the inevitable result of
quantitative change and the decisive link in the development of things.
Phenomenon and essence
Phenomenon is the external connection, surface
feature and external performance of things. Essence is the fundamental nature
of things and the inner connection of the basic elements. Essence is determined
by the special contradictions inherent in things themselves. There is a
dialectical relationship between the phenomenon and the essence. The essence
decides the phenomenon and the phenomenon expresses the essence.
Truth and fiction
Truth and falsehood are phenomena, which are
distinguished according to the different forms of their expressive nature.Truth is the phenomenon that presents the essence
from the positive side; The phenomenon of presenting
nature in a negative or negative way. No matter the truth or falsehood, they
are all objective phenomena and cannot be equated with illusion.
