The popularization of common philosophy

Greener Journal of Philosophy and Public Affairs

Vol. 2(1), pp. 123-124, 2021

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The popularization of common philosophy - 62

Zhou Mi

Suqian Economic and Trade Vocational School

ABSTRACT
This paper introduces the field of philosophy, western philosophy and Chinese philosophy of some common sense to popularize common sense, for popularizing the basic knowledge of philosophy, can play a role in the introduction, the basic coverage of the field of philosophy of some basic knowledge.
ARTICLE INFO
*Article No.:* 06082100062	*Accepted:* 01/07/2021 *Published:* 27/08/2021	Corresponding Author Zhou Mi* *E-mail:* 1024317354@ qq.com	*Keywords:* philosophy; popularization; common Sense.

Briefly discuss the debate between realism and nominalism in scholasticism.

Medieval Scholasticism inherited its problems while using Greek philosophy to serve theology. Some philosophers hold that the universal is the true reality, and that the individual or the individual is merely the phenomenon; others hold that the individual is the real existence, and that the universal is merely a concept or a word, and has no meaning of actual existence. The former is known as "realism" and the latter as "nominalism".

The debate between realism and nominalism is divided into three periods: early, middle and late. Both the early realism and nominalism tended to be extreme. For example, Anselm, the eleventh-century realist, considered the universal to be an entity that precedes and exists independently of the individual. It flourished in the middle of Scholasticism, when Thomas Aquinas advocated a kind of mild realism. In his view, perceptual knowledge precedes rational knowledge in epistemology, so that the universal comes first and the universal comes second. Ontologically, the universal comes first and the distinct comes second. The late period of Scholasticism was a period of remarkable nominalism, mainly represented by Rogell Bacon, Duns Scott and William Ockham. Nominalists emphasize the reality and independence of the individual. They believe that the individual is the real existence, and that the universal has no separate existence. The universal is merely a concept or symbol existing in reason, and there is no real object corresponding to such a symbol in reality.

Scholasticism tried to reconcile reason and faith, but under the dispute between realism and nominalism, it not only shook the pillar of faith, but also doubted reason, and scholasticism fell down.

Briefly describe Anselm's ontological proof of the existence of God.

In the early scholasticism, Anselm is famous for his ontological proof of the existence of God. He argued that reason must be subject to faith, "believing and then understanding". For him, a "great and incomparable being," that is, God cannot exist only in thought; if he existed only in thought, it would be possible to conceive a greater being than himself, which exists both in thought and in reality. All of these are contradictory to the definition of "unparalleled greatness. "So there can be no doubt that the incomparable and great thing, namely God, exists in thought as well as in reality. This ontological proof of existence inferred from concepts was later strongly criticized by Kant.