The popularization of common philosophy

Greener Journal of Philosophy and Public Affairs

Vol. 2(1), pp. 129-130, 2021

$Description: C:\Users\user\Pictures\Journal Logos\GJPPA Logo.jpg$

The popularization of common philosophy - 65

Zhou Mi

Suqian Economic and Trade Vocational School

ABSTRACT
This paper introduces the field of philosophy, western philosophy and Chinese philosophy of some common sense to popularize common sense, for popularizing the basic knowledge of philosophy, can play a role in the introduction, the basic coverage of the field of philosophy of some basic knowledge.
ARTICLE INFO
*Article No.:* 06082100065	*Accepted:* 01/07/2021 *Published:* 27/08/2021	Corresponding Author Zhou Mi* *E-mail:* 1024317354@ qq.com	*Keywords:* philosophy; popularization; common Sense.

A review of the debate on epistemology in empiricism and rationalism.

At the beginning of modern philosophy, the problem of knowledge became an important issue. Philosophers around understanding the source and foundation of methodology, the standard of truth, know there is a heated debate, thus formed the two opposing factions, i.e. empiricism and rationalism, the former advocated sense knowledge comes from experience, the latter argues that knowledge must be derived from the rational inherent talent concept and theoretical system. The main representatives of empiricism are Francis Bacon, Hobbes, Locke, Barclay and Hume. The main representatives of rationalism are Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz.

The debate between empiricism and rationalism first focuses on the source of knowledge. The empiricists emphasize that all knowledge comes from sensory experience and there is no knowledge without experience, so knowledge must be based on experience. The rationalists hold that sensory experience is unreliable, and that its relativity and contingency make it impossible for it to form the basis of scientific knowledge with universal necessity. Knowledge can only be a theoretical system logically deduced on the principle of the innate idea inherent in reason. Secondly, on the standard of certainty of knowledge, empiricists hold that sensory experience is the only criterion to judge whether knowledge is meaningful, while rationalists hold that clarity is the criterion to judge the truth of knowledge. Finally, there is the question of methodology. Starting from experimental science, empiricists try to establish an empirical induction method to understand and grasp the attributes and laws of things in the way of empirical induction. The rationalists, taking the geometric method as an example, tried to establish a rational deductive method to build human knowledge into a rigorous and accurate scientific system.

Both empiricism and rationalism have their own reasonable elements in epistemology and methodology, which permeate, influence and complement each other in the long-term debate, and jointly promote the development of human cognition. However, due to the one-sidedness of theory, it is impossible for them to finally solve the cognition problem.

On the philosophical significance of Descartes' thought of "I think, therefore I am".

In Descartes' opinion, the only proper course to take when all knowledge is inconclusive is to have a general and thorough doubt, to purge all slightly doubtful opinions, and to seek clear and unquestionable knowledge as the basis and starting point of philosophy. When we find everything suspicious, the doubt itself expresses the incontrovertible truth, that "I doubt" itself is incontrovertible. In other words, doubt must have a skeptic in doubt, thinking must have a thinker in thinking. "I think, therefore I am" is a truth so true that it cannot be shaken by any of the wildest assumptions of the sceptics.

Descartes took "I think therefore I am" as the first principle of metaphysics, and laid the foundation and determined the direction of modern philosophy with the principle of subjectivity. However, it is illegitimate for him to treat "me" as an entity of thought. Not only that, when he established the principle of subjectivity for modern philosophy, he also left a problem of dualism, which made it difficult for later philosophers to get rid of the dilemma when solving the problem of identity between thinking and existence.