The popularization of common philosophy

Greener Journal of Philosophy and Public Affairs

Vol. 2(1), pp. 133-134, 2021

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The popularization of common philosophy - 67

Zhou Mi

Suqian Economic and Trade Vocational School

ABSTRACT
This paper introduces the field of philosophy, western philosophy and Chinese philosophy of some common sense to popularize common sense, for popularizing the basic knowledge of philosophy, can play a role in the introduction, the basic coverage of the field of philosophy of some basic knowledge.
ARTICLE INFO
*Article No.:* 06082100067	*Accepted:* 01/07/2021 *Published:* 27/08/2021	Corresponding Author Zhou Mi* *E-mail:* 1024317354@ qq.com	*Keywords:* philosophy; popularization; common Sense.

A review of Locke's epistemological thoughts.

In modern philosophy, Locke was the first philosopher who constructed empiricism into a complete theoretical system. He postulated that the human mind was like a "blank SLATE," imprinted by experience, and thus formed ideas and knowledge. Experience as the source of knowledge has two aspects, one is sensation, the other is introspection, namely "external sensation" and "internal sensation". The object of sensation is external things, and the object of reflection is internal mental action. These two experiences write down the words of ideas on the blank page of the mind, and thus all ideas derive from experience.

All our knowledge is made up of ideas. Ideas can be divided into simple ideas and complex ideas. The so - called simple idea is the feeling idea and the reflection idea. The concept of simplicity has two basic characteristics: passivity and simplicity. The so-called "complex concept" is an idea composed of several simple ideas. There are three main functions of the mind in using simple ideas to construct complex ideas: (1) combinatorial function; (2) comparative effect; (3) abstract effect.

Knowledge is the understanding of the agreement or contradiction between two ideas, that is, of the relation between them. Our knowledge is only related to our ideas, which are the objects of knowledge. There are three levels of knowledge, ranked from top to bottom as intuitive knowledge, demonstrative knowledge, and sensory knowledge. Intuitive knowledge has the highest certainty and reliability and is the basis of all knowledge, while sensory knowledge is the knowledge of pure probability.

Our knowledge is only the understanding of the relations between ideas, so its scope is very narrow. In the first place, the two "entrances" to experience, sensation and reflection, the sources of knowledge, are too small and too narrow. Second, the scope of our ideas is narrower than that of experience. Finally, the scope of our knowledge is narrower than the scope of our ideas. On the one hand, Locke admits that there are things outside the mind, and on the other hand, he maintains that cognition is limited to the scope of ideas. Therefore, he can not only fail to prove the consistency between mind and things, but also moves towards agnosticism.

Briefly describe Locke's theory of the concept of the two properties.

The properties of bodies are divided into primary quality and secondary quality. The so-called primary quality is the size, shape, number, position, motion and rest of the parts of the body. This is the inherent fundamental or "original" or fundamental property of the object. The so-called secondary quality is a kind of "ability" in the object, it can use the size, shape, organization and movement of the various parts of the object, it can produce color, sound, taste and other senses in our mind. This property depends on the qualitative change of the primary, and is called the "accessory property".

In contrast to the two properties of objects, there are in our minds the idea of two properties. Although the ideas of the second nature are also generated by the stimulation of the senses by motion in the object, there is no "prototype" of them in the object, and so they are only the subjective reflection of the object by the mind. Locke's theory on the concept of two properties of objects represents the typical position of mechanistic view of matter at that time, that is, only recognizing the mechanical properties of objects, such as size, shape, motion, etc., and trying to explain nature with the view of mathematics and mechanics, and understanding the essence of objects only as the provisions of quantity.