The popularization of common philosophy

Greener Journal of Philosophy and Public Affairs

Vol. 2(1), pp. 137-138, 2021

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The popularization of common philosophy - 69

Zhou Mi

Suqian Economic and Trade Vocational School

ABSTRACT
This paper introduces the field of philosophy, western philosophy and Chinese philosophy of some common sense to popularize common sense, for popularizing the basic knowledge of philosophy, can play a role in the introduction, the basic coverage of the field of philosophy of some basic knowledge.
ARTICLE INFO
*Article No.:* 06082100069	*Accepted:* 01/07/2021 *Published:* 27/08/2021	Corresponding Author Zhou Mi* *E-mail:* 1024317354@ qq.com	*Keywords:* philosophy; popularization; common Sense.

A Review of Hume's View of Causality.

Hume is one of the main representatives of modern British empiricism. Starting from Locke's philosophy, he carried out empiricism to the end and reached the conclusion of skepticism. His view of cause and effect is the concentrated embodiment of this skepticism.

From the standpoint of empiricism, Hume argues that all knowledge comes from sensory experience, but we can never know exactly where sensory experience comes from. Although sensory experience is passively received by us, the mind is free to combine and decompose the ideas generated by experience. Hume divided our knowledge into two categories: the knowledge of ideas and the knowledge of facts. "Knowledge of ideas" relates only to the relation of ideas to themselves, and has nothing to do with external things; so far as they correspond to themselves, they are truth, and therefore "necessary knowledge". On the other hand, "knowledge of facts," which includes science, natural philosophy, history, and so on, is "probable knowledge," for it is based on experience, and experience is, in the final analysis, probable.

Through an in-depth examination of causality, Hume believed that the discovery of causality could not be through reason but only through experience, but experience could not tell us the inevitable connection between causality. For the repetition of a relative, individual, and contingent experience ten thousand times is still a relative, individual, and contingent experience, and we cannot in any way deduce necessarily the results of tomorrow. Although repeated experiences do not provide much more than a single example, they can affect our minds in certain ways. When we regularly experience event A, there is always the phase of event B, and this creates A habitual association between our experience of event A and our experience of event B.Thus Hume concluded that "all inferences from experience are the result of habit and not of reason", and that "habit is the great guide of life".

Briefly describe Montesquieu's theory of "the spirit of law".

Montesquieu is a French Enlightenment thinker in the 18th century. He elaborated social and political theory in the form of his philosophy of law comprehensively and systematically.

Montesquieu studied the nature and principles of various regimes in history in order to find and establish a social and political legal system in line with the "spirit of law". Historically, there have been three kinds of government, republican, monarchical and absolute. The nature of a republic is that the people possess supreme power, and its principle is "virtue"; The nature of the monarchy is that the sovereign has the supreme power, but he exercises it according to the law. Its principle is "honor". The principle of an autocracy, in which the individual governs according to his will and inclination, is terror. Montesquieu believed that both democracy and monarchy were reasonable government, while autocracy was unreasonable government.

Among the many factors of "spirit of law", Montesquieu especially emphasized the importance of geographical environment, believing that geographical environment plays a decisive role in a nation's character, custom, morality and spiritual outlook, as well as its legal nature and political system. Montesquieu's related thought is known as "geographical environmental determinism". Although this view is wrong, but at the time did have a positive significance.