Philosophical
speculation
The
key of philosophical cognition method is abstractness or speculation.
Philosophical
speculation is the direct form in which the world outlook plays the role of
methodology. It is usually manifested as the rational principle in scientific
activities; The focus is that scientists have a
certain frame of mind before they engage in research.
A matter of fact
Materialism
first interprets facts as events, phenomena and processes of the external
world, i.e. objective facts, and then carefully discusses the relations and
differences between objective facts and scientific facts. This is the
epistemological nature of the problem of fact.
Generalize the
question
(1)
How can the inductive principle be proved? It is not logically possible to
prove this principle because it is possible to inductively argue that the premises
are true and the conclusion false. We cannot prove induction by induction.
(2)
"Induction problem" can show that induction method is not the only
one, and should be used appropriately. We should emphasize the important role
of theoretical thinking in scientific understanding and insist on the
transition from fact to theory. That's the essence of the problem of induction.
The Vienna School
New
positivism, known as "Vienna School", originated in Vienna, Austria.
The famous British logician and philosopher Russell and Wittgenstein are the
forerunners of this school, and the famous German philosopher Schrik is its founder.
The Vienna School
declared that there was only one philosophy, metaphysics of logical analysis of
science, and that all other systematic philosophies were metaphysics which
could be excluded from true knowledge.
The simplicity of
logic
One of the basic principles of scientific
theory.
Logical simplicity requires that the newly constructed scientific theoretical
system should contain as few independent basic concepts and axioms as possible.
The simplicity of the logical structure lies in the simplicity of the basic
principles.
There is no
contradiction within
One of the basic principles of scientific
theory.
The absence of contradiction within a scientific theory is self-consistency. If
a theoretical system cannot justify itself internally and there are
contradictory propositions, then the theoretical system should at least be
revised.
Reproducibility
One of the characteristics of scientific
experiments.
The basic requirement
of scientific discovery is that the conduct of experiments can be repeated and
the results can be reproduced.
Repeatability
reflects that the experimental process is an objective material process in
essence, which guarantees the objectivity and reality of the experiment.
