Words and knowledge
According
to the British philosopher M. Polanyi, human knowledge is divided into two
categories. What is usually called knowledge, that is, what is expressed by
written language, by graphs, or by mathematical formulas, is but one kind of
knowledge, that is, spoken knowledge.
Verbal knowledge,
expressed as conceptualization, has a clear logical character that allows us to
think critically about it.
Tacit knowledge
According
to the British philosopher M. Polanyi, human knowledge is divided into two
categories. Knowledge that is not systematically stated is called tacit
knowledge.
Tacit knowledge is
represented as the activity of experience. The biggest characteristic is not
separated from the cognitive subject, the relative lack of publicity and
objectivity, human body and mind is the tool to reach the mind, so it is also
called individual knowledge.
Tacit knowledge is
the source of all knowledge.
Hypothetical
probability
Hypothesis
probability is when there are good reasons to support a hypothesis, but it has
not been tested. This is a guess worth considering further, as it is somewhat
plausible before it is tested.
Intuitive thinking
The
main form of subconscious activity in scientific discovery is intuition.
Intuitive thinking can be understood as the reduction of thinking inference.
Intuitive thinking identifies and guesses in general and draws conclusions at
once.
Intuitive insight is
based on long-term meditation, through quantitative accumulation, at a certain
point caused by a qualitative leap.
The opportunities
Opportunity
is a chance that contains a necessary condition. That is, accidental
encounters. There are two reasons why scientific knowledge, which is supposed
to achieve necessity, is often effected by chance. The
first is the complexity of the process of scientific knowledge, and it is
impossible for people to follow a predetermined route to achieve the desired
goal. The second is that the necessity of the development of objective things
is always realized by chance.
30,
inspiration
In scientific
discovery, inspiration is the particular emotional experience that occurs at
the climax of the creative process. Inspiration is a state of mind. Inspiration
is an unconscious activity.
Thinking stylized
One
of the basic objectives of scientific methodology research is to establish a
relatively stable tool system for scientific knowledge activities. The more
stylized the method, the easier it is to master and the more effective it will
be.
Humans have been
putting more and more things into the programming track in order to get their
minds out of it and solve tasks that, at least for now, cannot be programmed.
"Anything will
do"
Feyerabend, the American
philosopher of science, believes that the only principle that does not hinder
the progress of science is: whatever. The world we want to explore is primarily
an unknown entity, so we must keep our options open. Adherence to certain
methods and procedures will sooner or later prevent people from making new
scientific discoveries effectively. In this sense, it is an important principle
of scientific methodology to oppose adherence to certain methods and
procedures.
Philosophical
speculation
Abstract
or speculative is the key to the method of philosophical cognition.
Philosophical
speculation is the direct form in which the world outlook plays the role of
methodology. Usually manifested as rational principles in scientific
activities; It is concentrated on the fact that scientists have a certain frame
of mind before they begin their research.
A matter of fact
Materialism
first interprets facts as events, phenomena and processes of the external
world, i.e., objective facts, and then discusses in detail the connections and
differences between objective facts and scientific facts. This is the
epistemological nature of the question of fact.
Summarize the problem
(1)
How can the induction principle be proved? It is logically impossible to prove
this principle because it is possible for inductive arguments to have true
premises and false conclusions. We can't prove induction by induction.
(2)
"induction problem" can show: induction
method is not the only, to use the appropriate. We should emphasize the important
role of theoretical thinking in scientific understanding and insist on the
transition from fact to theory. That is the essence of the problem of
induction.
