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Greener Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Vol. 6(1), pp. 25-32, 2019 ISSN: 2384-6348 Copyright ©2019, the copyright of this article is retained by the author(s) DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.15580/GJSSPN.2019.1.090319166 https://gjournals.org/GJSSPN |
Soil Salinity and Irrigation Water Quality Status in selected areas of Awash River Basin of Ethiopia. A Review.
Lemma Mamo Haile
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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ARTICLE INFO |
ABSTRACT |
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Article No.: 090319166 Type: Review DOI: 10.15580/GJSSPN.2019.1.090319166
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This paper reviews the extent of soil salinity level and irrigation water quality in selected irrigations scheme found in awash basin. Soil salinity and alkalinity problems are commonly found in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world due to insufficient annual rainfall to leach down accumulated salts from the plants root zone. Now days, worldwide, many soils have been and are being changed into the class of problematic soils due to different natural hazards and poor agricultural practices. Salinization of land and water resources is a major landscape degradation issue worldwide, with serious salt related problems occurring in at least 75 countries. Salt affected soils have been reported to occur at most parts in the Rift Valley Zone of Ethiopia. Awash river basin is located in central Ethiopia and flows through five regional states (Oromia, Afar, Amhara, Somali, SNNP) and two administrative towns (Dire Dawa and Addis Ababa); it rises on the high plateau to the west of Addis Ababa, at an altitude of about 3000m. The pH values in most reviewed areas of upper awash ranged from normal, slightly and moderately alkaline reaction. It clearly indicate the accumulation of bicarbonate and sodium ions in the soils of the area. However it ranged from slightly, moderately and highly alkaline range in most areas of middle awash farms, and it reduced again to normal and slightly alkaline range in lower awash areas. Similar trends have been observed in regard to soil salinity and sodicity. Generally the extent and distribution of soil salinity problem is varied along the river basin. The problem is serious and abundant acre of irrigated farms are being out of production in middle awash areas as compared to upper and lower awash areas. The quality of irrigation water in these areas varied along the assessed areas. With regard to salinity, the water in upper awash area has very good quality and could not introduce problems on the quality of soils. However its quality deteriorate in middle awash areas due to blending of different water sources (lakes, hot springs, drainage water) having low quality for irrigation purpose. Therefore the factors which aggravate the expansion of soil salinity and sodicity should be properly identified to manage these inducing factors. In addition to this implementing appropriate cropping system and management practices according to soil type, level of salinity and sodicity and quality of irrigation water is important. |
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Submitted: 03/09/2019 Accepted: 22/09/2019 Published: 03/11/2019 |
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*Corresponding Author Lemma Mamo Haile E-mail: Lemmamamo2006@ gmail.com |
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Keywords: salinity; sodicity; irrigation water; awash basin |
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Return to Content View [Full Article - PDF] | Post-Publication Peer-review Rundown View/get involved, click [Peer-review] |
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Cite this Article: Haile, LM (2019). Soil Salinity and Irrigation Water Quality Status in selected areas of Awash River Basin of Ethiopia. A Review. Greener Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 6(1): 25-32, https://doi.org/10.15580/GJSSPN.2019.1.090319166. |
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